What happened to Neandertals Why did they extinct Essay

What happened to Neandertals Why did they extinct - Essay Example Neandertals are the most well-studied representatives of the ancient Homo sapiens.The transition from archaic to modern humans is documented in Europe, however, what has caused the disappearance of these people is still not known to the science. One of hypothesis suggests that Homo sapiens migrated into Neandertal lands and caused their extinction. Homo sapiens had bigger brain and more advanced in technology. Another theory suggests that populations of that time merged and mixed, which resulted in the evolution of the new human species. Archeologists are still not sure which theory is right, even though more Neandertal skeletons have been found compared to other human species. It is well known that Neandertals lived in Europe and Asia more than 150,000 years ago. Neandertals managed to adopt physically and cultural to the ice age conditions, however, their disappearance still cannot be explained.These ancient people are not considered Homo sapiens, and even if they were the represen tatives of human species, they were of the different race. Neandertals disappeared 30,000 years ago and have left only traces of their living. Scientists from advanced countries are analyzing DNA samples from bones trying to find the cause of Neandertal extinction. It is not an easy task because genetic material is much degraded and mixed with other types of DNA. New technologies in this field gives scientists the hope to collect new valuable information from Neandertal's DNA. The first bones of Neandertal were discovered in 1820s in Europe (Green 2006). Later the skulls of a child and a female were found and stored in the museums. The discovery which recognized the existence of human-like species was made in Germany. After examination by paleontologists and medical pathologists, the agreement was reached that those fossils were not of animal origin as well as not of human as of modern Europe. After publication of Darwin's works, the society was convinced that Neandertals were very ancient humans and disappeared in the result of the natural selection process. Neandertals were not humans as the investigation of two skeletons found in Belgium cave demonstrated. It was found out that these two Neandertals were associated with food bones from animals and stone tools which were more advanced. In general, more than 400 skeletons were found and majority of which were excavated in France. At first, Neandertals were described as dull-witted and ape-like creatures. However, the further analysis showed that this depiction was wrong and Neandertals were much like humans (Shreeve 1996). However, the question whether Neandertals were of human origin or whether they were the representatives of other species. The evidence is still searched in the genes and bones. In 2004, the researchers conducted several tests and reached the conclusion that modern humans are much different genetically from Neandertals. Nevertheless, based on the current research, as much as 25 percent of Neandertal DNA is the same as of modern humans. Thus, it is possible that Neandertals did not disappear but rather evolved into the modern human species. Last year, the team of professors at Max Planck Institution have sequenced approximately 1/3 of the DNA from Neandertal bones and hope that within the next two years it will be possible to draft the entire genome and compared it with human. The Neandertal disappearance is critically analyzed by scientists all over the world. Additional information was gathered in 1999 when the skeleton of the four year old boy dating 25,000 years ago was found. This child has the mixture of Neandertal and modern human features (Tattersall 1999). Therefore, he was the hybrid of two species. Scientists note that such hybrid was possible only if the genetic differences between modern humans and Neandertals was not very great. In other words, it means that Neandertals were not the representativ

Walmart Strategies in Action Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Walmart Strategies in Action - Research Paper Example This is accomplished through helping people to save money. Sam, Wal-Mart’s founder, wanted to improve people’s lives by lowering the high cost of living. Consequently, through the establishment of Wal-Mart, Sam succeeded in creating a suitable platform for implementing his vision. Thus, Wal-Mart facilitates savings amongst its customers by offering high quality products at extremely and relatively low prices. Consequently, in conjunction with Wal-Mart’s mission, its long term objectives include the following: Increased support of community based projects Contribution towards educational projects Participation in protection of environment and conservation of natural resources To employ a fully renewable energy supply system Creation of zero waste Wal-Mart and Technology In a world that is marred by immense technological advancements, Wal-Mart has been quick to adjust and to adapt to the trends in technology. In a bid to make its operations relevant and significant locally, Wal-Mart had to rely on the immense technological advancements in e-commerce. Consequently, Wal-Mart embraced the use of Facebook (the largest social media network in the world) in improving its local sales (Dishman, 2011). Through this program, users would be subscribed to information pertaining certain offers and new merchandise with regards to the Wal-Mart store of their choice. In addition, location of the desired store could also be done online. This would, in turn, ensure that users are kept abreast with different offers and merchandise from local stores. This process was aimed at boosting the significance of Wal-Mart’s local stores. It also created a platform for Wal-Mart’s customers to interact and associate with the company. Moreover, in the continued efforts of keeping up with the trends in technology, Wal-Mart also launched iPhone and iPad applications. iPhones and iPads have already been embraced in the gastronomy industry, and Wal-Mart seeks to c apitalize on these technological advancements to boost efficiency in customer service (Stephanie, 2012). The applications are uniquely designed to boost Wal-Mart’s efficiency with regards to weekly or monthly shopping. Through the implementation of such applications, customers can make purchases from the comfort of their smart phones and other Internet devices. Consequently, the process has to be backed by a corresponding efficient delivery system. This, in turn, relieves customers the hustle of physically going to the stores especially for routine products. Through the applications, additional information concerning different products can be availed to the customers, thus, enhancing their decision making. In keeping up with the company’s mission, the applications also assist the clients by providing updated costs of listed products. This would, in turn, result in increased awareness in consumer spending, thus, helping the customers in their budgeting endeavors. Porter 's Five Generic Strategies Porter's five generic strategies encompass the following aspects: Cost leadership strategy Differentiation strategy Focus strategy (1) Cost leadership strategy According to Porter, cost leadership strategy calls for cost effective operations. However, the quality of the products or service should not be compromised. Consequently, being in the retail industry, Wal-Mart also capitalized on cost leadership s

What role does reason play in deciding ethical questions Essay

What role does reason play in deciding ethical questions - Essay Example Due to the presentation of such type of appropriate and logical decisions, each and every employee or individual becomes extremely stimulated and inspired towards the management or the decision-maker. For example: if the management decides to implement advanced machines and techniques within the organization in order to increase production, then such an idea or decision is accepted and admitted by all. Apart from this, reason also plays an important role in analyzing the various practical facts so as to evaluate all the pros and cons. By doing so, the individual might think on all the possible options and then act accordingly so that the final results are substantive in nature. In addition, this might help an individual to make ethical judgments explicitly as per the context so that it might prove worthy for all. For example: in order to reduce the rate of defects, the organization decided to implement the technique of total quality management (TQM), which is accepted by every individual, as it is a justified decision on behalf of the management. This is because; by implementing the concept of TQM, the organization might reduce its weaknesses thereby amplifying the strengths and image in the market. Furthermore, reason is also regarded as an acquiescence of self-reflective minds. With the help of which, varied types of underlining desires and facts of an individual or decision-maker might be fulfilled in an effective way. However, this type of acquiescence’s also needed to be motivating in nature so as to make moral decisions contingent on logical facts. So as to, inspire all the employees or followers towards the decision in order to make it fruitful in all its aspects. This is mainly due to the fact, that with the help of proper explanation, justification and consideration, the decision is presented or prepared. From this paragraph, the philosophical

Free College Essays - Impact of Characters on Conrad in Ordinary People :: Ordinary People

Ordinary People - Impact of Characters on Conrad    In the novel Ordinary People, by Judith Guest, many people affect Conrad.   Three people that have an affect on him are his father, mother and therapist.   Conrad goes through significant changes by the way he has been affected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning of the novel Con had just returned from the hospital for attempting suicide.   Right off the bat Con finds it hard to wake up in the morning because he is afraid that anxiety and failure will be waiting for him.   He makes himself think of reasons to get out of bed.   Then he goes through the whole ritual in his head.   Con was depressed.   He would be a treated very fragile wise by his teachers.   He also was a very doubt full person.   When it came to his brother’s death, he would wish that he could have done something different.   Con would go through the whole scene in his head over and over again pondering on what he could have done right.   He also feels isolated from his mother.   Although he loves his mother, she could never love him back.   Most of the time he would feel obligated to stay away from her.   Because Lazenby reminded Con of his brother, Con decided to break up their frie ndship.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Throughout the novel one person who had an affect on Conrad was his father.   From the beginning of the novel, Con’s father had an understanding of him.   From talking to spending time with Con, his father was there most of the time.   When Conrad was confused or had a question, his father would try to help and answer him to the best of his ability.   Because his father was put into a home I think that he was able to understand Con a lot more.   Just as understanding he was also caring.   Whenever Con felt upset or happy, his father was there to share the experience. His father would always make sure that Con was all right.   His father cared so much that he gave Con a number of a psychiatrist.   Unlike the mother, the father would like to see Con back to normal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The mother had a negative affect on Conrad.   After the brother’s death, and Con’s attempted suicide, she could never deal with Con.   When the brother died so did a part of her ability to love.

Is It a Threat of Terrorism?

It is my dream to live in a world where no country on Earth requires a military to protect its citizens from invasion, but like most Utopian fantasies, such a world will never exist. As the leader of the free world, America has built up a huge military to protect the nation’s interests, its allies, and its way of life for its people. After the terror attacks on September 11, 2001, and our senseless invasion of two Islamic countries, the nation is still engaged in war to prevent Islamic extremist attacks.In recent years, public officials in the United States and terrorism analysts here and abroad have warned of an increasing threat of Muslim homegrown terrorist attacks. The terrorist attacks in Madrid in 2004 and in London in 2005 perpetrated by European homegrown terrorists have contributed to these concerns, as has the surge in terrorist-related arrests in the United States in 2009 and 2010. A closer look at the evidence, however, reveals that the threat of Islamic extremist engaging in lethal attacks in the United States has been frequently overstated.Since 1985 there has been 3,178 deaths resulting from Islamic terrorist attacks; including the 2,977 Americans casualties on 9/11. However, the number of American casualties resulting from Islamic extremism is falling drastically; with only 28 Americans killed by Islamic Extremist since the 2001 terror attacks. Terrorist plots by American Muslims are not growing in sophistication, and terrorists' capacities to acquire skills from overseas training are limited.In addition, contrary to concerns that so-called â€Å"lone wolves† will increasingly attempt terrorist attacks that are difficult to foil, there have been only two shootings in the United States by American Muslims since September 11, 2011, despite a significant propaganda effort by leaders of Al-Qaida encouraging such attacks. The Islamophobes (people with irrational fear of Islamic people) claim that Islam is intrinsically a terrorist relig ion. The proof? Well, just about every terrorist attack is Islamic, they retort. Unfortunately for them, that is not true.More like six percent. Using their defunct logic, these Islamophobes can now conclude that nearly all acts of terrorism are committed by Latinos. Let them dare say it. They could not; it would be political and social suicide to say such a thing. Most Americans would shut down such talk as bigoted; yet, similar statements continue to be said of Islam, without any repercussions. The war on terror focuses on groups loosely affiliated with the Al Qaeda terrorist network, but it turns out that Islamic extremists do not pose the greatest threat to America according to numerous reports.One report from the Department of Homeland Security states that the biggest threat to America, its people, and government is actually from Latinos. Latino terrorist spew out acts of terror on American soil every day. According to the Los Angeles Times, these terrorist also control over 90 % of all the drugs that enter the United States. Latino gang violence has resulted in a shocking number of casualties. Over 2,199 innocent American lives have been lost since 2007 due to kidnappings, sex trafficking, and horrendous murders, committed by Latino Terrorist.These facts might throw you for a total paradigm in your thoughts, but what if I also told you that Latinos account for over 42% of all acts of terror on United States soil since 1985? The Islamophobes live in a fantasy world where everyone is supposedly too â€Å"politically correct† to criticize Islam and Muslims. Numerous people are critical of Muslims; but  can you imagine the reaction if I said that Latinos should be profiled because after all they are the ones who commit the most terrorism in the country. Islamophobes   always live in mortal fear–or rather, they try to make  you  feel that way.Do not be fooled, break the spellbinding ideology of Islamophobes. I am sure that you do not live in constant fear of radicalized Latinos; even though they commit seven times more acts of terrorism than Islamic extremist in America. Why then are you constantly fearful over Islamic radicals? The time has come where we can finally halt our fear of Islamic extremist, and focus our attention more frequently on the Latino terrorist If Islamic extremist had half of a brain they would have potential to be dangerous; but for now, they are no different then automated bots, with pre-programmed information and beliefs.They are taught at early ages that the â€Å"West† is their enemy; and that there is no higher appraisal then dying for Allah through acts of terror and suicide. Ignorance breeds ignorance. What we must do is teach the United States citizens the truth about terrorism. Nobody is saying that Islamic terrorism is not a matter of concern, but it is grossly exaggerated.

Human Nature And Ethics Abortion Essay - 1739 Words

Kylie Morel Ethical Paper- Abortion Due: 11-16-16 Human Nature and Ethics Abortion Abortion, defined by Merriam Webster’s dictionary as, â€Å"the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus† is a highly discussed and debated topic. The subject has been particularly prevalent in the news recently due to the election of our 45th president and the debates leading up to it. The topic of full term abortions has been a particularly hot issue. However, for the sake of discussion in this paper, the focus is going to be on first trimester abortions. The majority opposed to the procedure, argue that abortion is ethically wrong and should not be legally allowed regardless of the stage of the pregnancy. I, however, believe it is a woman’s right to choose, and abortion should continue to be legal. Abortion is an ethical topic today’s society faces quiet frequently, with issues pertaining to ethics we find it is best to revisit the great minds and theories of the early philo sophers who opened the door to the idea of ethics and how they defined actions to be ethical or otherwise. Aristotle’s theory is a good place to start. Aristotle’s ethical theory is most commonly summed as simply being the best person you can be. (Syllabus pg. 10) He believed you should only carry out actions that will form you into a better person and one should strive for excellence in their everyday life. Therefore, we are presented with theShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics And Ethical Ethics1739 Words   |  7 Pagesthe 4th Century BC, the study of ethics and ethical behaviour has occupied human thought, with various philosophers exploring the fundamental issues of practical decision making, determining the nature of normative theories (Aristotelian virtue ethics), and applying these principles to pragmatic moral issues. Approximately 2040 years ago, Aristotle published, what is considered to be the foundations of modern day ethics and ethical frameworks, the â€Å"Nico machean Ethics†. Through this publication, AristotleRead MoreVirtue Ethics : Moral Philosophy For Determining The Moral Permissibility Of Abortion1283 Words   |  6 Pagesvirtue ethics is the preferable moral philosophy for determining the moral permissibility of abortion because it avoids the drawbacks from the utilitarian approach, and the deontological approach. 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It may be translated as ‘custom’ or ‘usage’ (Bowie Frye, 2008, p.2). There are three main types of ethics; normativeRead MoreAn Overview Of The Ethical1407 Words   |  6 Pagesï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Abortion: An Overview of the Ethical ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼11/1/2015 Randy St.Cyr PHIL200 Introduction to Ethics Dr. Carrie Pettermin Issues ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ÃƒËœÃ¯Æ'Ëœ Various philosophers through the centuries have had a tremendous impact on the way modern society thinks. ØïÆ'Ëœ Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) influenced modern thinking with his â€Å"God is dead† philosophy. This meant that there was no longer any room for God in an enlightened and civilized society. ØïÆ'Ëœ John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) helped popularize the philosophy ofRead MoreThe Divine Command Theory : Capital Punishment And Abortion Essay1128 Words   |  5 PagesThe Divine Command Theory is the assertion in ethics that an action is morally right if, and only if, it conforms to God’s will. This premise ties together morality and religion in a manner that seems expected, since it provides a solution to arguments about moral relativism and the objectivity of ethics. On the other hand, in Plato’s Euthyphro, Socrates questions whether something is right because God commands it, or whether God commands it because it is right. The ethical implications of theRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Death Of A Fetus1505 Words   |  7 PagesEthics can be defined as a set of principles which dictate what is considered as morally ‘good’ and ‘bad’. Abortion is defined as the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy through a medical procedure whic h results in the death of a fetus. Within ethics, there are many arguments as to whether abortion should be permitted in society as many regard it as an act of murder and others simply see it as a decision that should be given to the mother only. 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Influence of Humanism on Shakespeares Hamlet Free Essay Example, 2250 words

Shakespeare s Hamlet play is a component of accumulative knowledge from the past to make relevance to the present and future happenings. This is influenced by humanism concepts that emphasize on the source and use of knowledge from the past to enhance human understanding of the present. According to Sherratt, humanism entails been in touch with the ideas and texts of our ancient ancestors, the Greeks and the Romans where their transmission through ages can assist people to lay claims to humanist stance (9). Coming from a period where the Catholic Church had previously limited use of classical texts in theatre plays, Shakespeare made reference to various classical characters, stories, and events overlooking the policy in the age of renaissance. For example, Hamlet s revenge tragedy borrows much from the Roman poet/philosopher called the Seneca formerly credited with the development of revenge tragedies (Koumakpai 1). Shakespeare follows certain revenge ideas and scenes from Seneca s plays, especially the use of ghost figures and plots of bloody family history. The use of lengthy rhetoric speeches in Shakespeare s Hamlet also reflects Seneca s style of writing. One of Shakespeare s use of long rhetorical speech is evident in Act III scene I lines 55 to 80 by prince Hamlets speech declaring; To be or not to be that s is the question; whether tis noble in the mind to suffer, the slings and arrows of outrageous fortunes ..to sleep: perchance to dream: ay, there s the rub .We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Humanism on Shakespeare's Hamlet or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page but the dread of something after death, the undiscover d country from whose bourn, and thus the native hue of resolution (97-99). Here Hamlet is projected as a rhetoric master in his speech contemplating over committing suicide considering the sufferings in life. From the speech, Shakespeare makes use of metaphors (refers to life problems through slings and arrows and death as an undiscovered country) and antithesis to contrast ideas in the phrase to be or not.