What happened to Neandertals Why did they extinct Essay

What happened to Neandertals Why did they extinct - Essay Example Neandertals are the most well-studied representatives of the ancient Homo sapiens.The transition from archaic to modern humans is documented in Europe, however, what has caused the disappearance of these people is still not known to the science. One of hypothesis suggests that Homo sapiens migrated into Neandertal lands and caused their extinction. Homo sapiens had bigger brain and more advanced in technology. Another theory suggests that populations of that time merged and mixed, which resulted in the evolution of the new human species. Archeologists are still not sure which theory is right, even though more Neandertal skeletons have been found compared to other human species. It is well known that Neandertals lived in Europe and Asia more than 150,000 years ago. Neandertals managed to adopt physically and cultural to the ice age conditions, however, their disappearance still cannot be explained.These ancient people are not considered Homo sapiens, and even if they were the represen tatives of human species, they were of the different race. Neandertals disappeared 30,000 years ago and have left only traces of their living. Scientists from advanced countries are analyzing DNA samples from bones trying to find the cause of Neandertal extinction. It is not an easy task because genetic material is much degraded and mixed with other types of DNA. New technologies in this field gives scientists the hope to collect new valuable information from Neandertal's DNA. The first bones of Neandertal were discovered in 1820s in Europe (Green 2006). Later the skulls of a child and a female were found and stored in the museums. The discovery which recognized the existence of human-like species was made in Germany. After examination by paleontologists and medical pathologists, the agreement was reached that those fossils were not of animal origin as well as not of human as of modern Europe. After publication of Darwin's works, the society was convinced that Neandertals were very ancient humans and disappeared in the result of the natural selection process. Neandertals were not humans as the investigation of two skeletons found in Belgium cave demonstrated. It was found out that these two Neandertals were associated with food bones from animals and stone tools which were more advanced. In general, more than 400 skeletons were found and majority of which were excavated in France. At first, Neandertals were described as dull-witted and ape-like creatures. However, the further analysis showed that this depiction was wrong and Neandertals were much like humans (Shreeve 1996). However, the question whether Neandertals were of human origin or whether they were the representatives of other species. The evidence is still searched in the genes and bones. In 2004, the researchers conducted several tests and reached the conclusion that modern humans are much different genetically from Neandertals. Nevertheless, based on the current research, as much as 25 percent of Neandertal DNA is the same as of modern humans. Thus, it is possible that Neandertals did not disappear but rather evolved into the modern human species. Last year, the team of professors at Max Planck Institution have sequenced approximately 1/3 of the DNA from Neandertal bones and hope that within the next two years it will be possible to draft the entire genome and compared it with human. The Neandertal disappearance is critically analyzed by scientists all over the world. Additional information was gathered in 1999 when the skeleton of the four year old boy dating 25,000 years ago was found. This child has the mixture of Neandertal and modern human features (Tattersall 1999). Therefore, he was the hybrid of two species. Scientists note that such hybrid was possible only if the genetic differences between modern humans and Neandertals was not very great. In other words, it means that Neandertals were not the representativ

Walmart Strategies in Action Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Walmart Strategies in Action - Research Paper Example This is accomplished through helping people to save money. Sam, Wal-Mart’s founder, wanted to improve people’s lives by lowering the high cost of living. Consequently, through the establishment of Wal-Mart, Sam succeeded in creating a suitable platform for implementing his vision. Thus, Wal-Mart facilitates savings amongst its customers by offering high quality products at extremely and relatively low prices. Consequently, in conjunction with Wal-Mart’s mission, its long term objectives include the following: Increased support of community based projects Contribution towards educational projects Participation in protection of environment and conservation of natural resources To employ a fully renewable energy supply system Creation of zero waste Wal-Mart and Technology In a world that is marred by immense technological advancements, Wal-Mart has been quick to adjust and to adapt to the trends in technology. In a bid to make its operations relevant and significant locally, Wal-Mart had to rely on the immense technological advancements in e-commerce. Consequently, Wal-Mart embraced the use of Facebook (the largest social media network in the world) in improving its local sales (Dishman, 2011). Through this program, users would be subscribed to information pertaining certain offers and new merchandise with regards to the Wal-Mart store of their choice. In addition, location of the desired store could also be done online. This would, in turn, ensure that users are kept abreast with different offers and merchandise from local stores. This process was aimed at boosting the significance of Wal-Mart’s local stores. It also created a platform for Wal-Mart’s customers to interact and associate with the company. Moreover, in the continued efforts of keeping up with the trends in technology, Wal-Mart also launched iPhone and iPad applications. iPhones and iPads have already been embraced in the gastronomy industry, and Wal-Mart seeks to c apitalize on these technological advancements to boost efficiency in customer service (Stephanie, 2012). The applications are uniquely designed to boost Wal-Mart’s efficiency with regards to weekly or monthly shopping. Through the implementation of such applications, customers can make purchases from the comfort of their smart phones and other Internet devices. Consequently, the process has to be backed by a corresponding efficient delivery system. This, in turn, relieves customers the hustle of physically going to the stores especially for routine products. Through the applications, additional information concerning different products can be availed to the customers, thus, enhancing their decision making. In keeping up with the company’s mission, the applications also assist the clients by providing updated costs of listed products. This would, in turn, result in increased awareness in consumer spending, thus, helping the customers in their budgeting endeavors. Porter 's Five Generic Strategies Porter's five generic strategies encompass the following aspects: Cost leadership strategy Differentiation strategy Focus strategy (1) Cost leadership strategy According to Porter, cost leadership strategy calls for cost effective operations. However, the quality of the products or service should not be compromised. Consequently, being in the retail industry, Wal-Mart also capitalized on cost leadership s